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Nickel is a hard, silvery-white metal whose strength, ductility and resistance to heat and corrosion make it extremely useful for the development of a wide variety of materials — from wires to coins to military equipment.
Nickel is the fifth most abundant element on Earth. However, it is 100 times more concentrated below the Earth's crust than in it, according to Chemicool. In fact, nickel is believed to be the second most abundant element in the Earth's inner core, with iron being the first by a large margin.
Just the facts
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Atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus): 28
Atomic symbol (on the periodic table of the elements): Ni
Atomic weight (average mass of the atom): 58.6934
Density: 8.912 grams per cubic centimeter
Phase at room temperature: solid
Melting point: 2,651 degrees Fahrenheit (1,455 degrees Celsius)
Boiling point: 5,275.4 F (2,913 C)
Number of isotopes (atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons): 5 stable; 26 unstable
Most common isotope: NI-58 (68.077 percent natural abundance)
Since nickel is such a sturdy and corrosion-resistant material, it is an excellent metal for coin-making. The first coin to include the metal nickel was the one-cent piece Flying Eagle, an American coin made of 12 percent nickel and 88 percent copper. This coin, which was also the first to go by the name "nickel," only circulated two years, between 1857-1858.
The five-cent nickel was introduced a few years later in 1866 just after the Civil War came to an end. Prior to the war, most coins were still made of gold and silver, which gave them intrinsic value. As rumors of war began to spread, people started hoarding these valuable coins, causing the economy to take a nosedive. To compensate for the lack of coins, people started trading stamps and notes that had been issued by banks and shops. Even Union soldiers were being paid with notes by the government.
In the United States, nickels, dimes, quarters and half-dollars are still made of a copper-nickel alloy. The nickel coin, quite aptly, contains the most nickel at 25 percent, while the other coins are 8.33 percent nickel.
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