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Various creatures see the same kitchen scene very differently. However, this image just represents how much detail an animal can see and doesn't account for the fact that the brain later processes this visual information and most likely sharpens it. So a fly's world probably isn't blurry, it just has less details than the human world does.
Credit: Eleanor Caves
▼ If a butterfly, a cat and a person all stared at the "Mona Lisa," what would each see? While we may never know the answer, a new review of animal vision has some clues.
Even for a single person, the enigmatic expression on the "Mona Lisa" can change depending on where you look on the painting — if you look straight at her, she doesn't seem to be smiling, but if you look at another part of the picture, she does.
It turns out that her ever-shifting appearance may be due to a quirk in humans' visual acuity, or how sharp we see the world. Some theorize that Leonardo da Vinci purposefully painted the mouth of the "Mona Lisa" with brushstrokes that are more visible to your peripheral vision, through which you see an object in less detail than you would by staring straight at it.
But visual acuity doesn't just change dramatically across a person's field of view, it also differs between various animals and insects. In fact, there's a 10,000-fold difference in the way animals with the worst and the best visions see the world, according to a new review paper publishedin May in the journal Trends in Ecology & Evolution.
Looking sharp
Most animals see the world in a lot less detail than we do.
"We are not the pinnacle of essentially any sensory system, except acuity," said Eleanor Caves, a postdoctoral researcher in biology at Duke University and the lead author of the new review. Regarding how detailed we see the world, "we're really close to the top."
Caves and her colleagues gathered hundreds of academic papers to get a comprehensive look at how sharp hundreds of species of animals, fish and insects see the world. Researchers typically define visual acuity with what's called "cycles per degree"— or how many black-and-white parallel stripes an animal can see in 1 degree of their visual world.
For humans, 1 degree of our visual world is the size of our thumbnail when we extend out our arm and give a thumbs-up, according to Caves. Humans can see 60 cycles per degree, which means we can discern 60 stripes within one thumbnail. In contrast, cats would be able to see only 10 cycles per degree (below which humans are considered legally blind), and poor shrimp wouldn't even be able to fit one stripe in there, at 0.1 cycles per degree, Caves said. On the other hand, the wedge-tailed eagle can see 140 cycles per degree, which helps it spot far-away prey, according to a press release. (▪ ▪ ▪)
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